Pambuyo pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za zokambirana za marathon, mgwirizano wa Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, kapena RCEP - FTA yaikulu yomwe imadutsa makontinenti awiri - idakhazikitsidwa pamapeto pake pa Jan 1. Zimakhudza chuma cha 15, chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 3.5 biliyoni ndi GDP ya $ 23 trilioni. .Ndi 32.2 peresenti ya chuma cha padziko lonse, 29.1 peresenti ya malonda onse padziko lonse ndi 32.5 peresenti ya ndalama zapadziko lonse.
Pankhani ya malonda a katundu, kubwezeredwa kwa tariff kumalola kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa zotchinga zamitengo pakati pa maphwando a RCEP.Mgwirizano wa RCEP ukayamba kugwira ntchito, chigawochi chidzapindula ndi misonkho pa malonda a katundu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutsitsa msangamsanga kufika paziro, kuchepetsa mitengo yanthawi yochepa, kuchotsera pang'ono misonkho ndi zinthu zina.Pamapeto pake, kupitilira 90 peresenti ya malonda azinthu zomwe zaphimbidwa sizikhala ndi ziro.
Makamaka, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ophatikizika oyambira, chimodzi mwazizindikiro za RCEP, zikutanthauza kuti malinga ngati njira zowonjezeretsa zikwaniritsidwa pambuyo posintha gulu lamitengo yovomerezeka, zitha kusonkhanitsidwa, zomwe zidzaphatikizanso unyolo wamakampani. ndi unyolo wamtengo wapatali m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific ndikufulumizitsa kuphatikizana kwachuma kumeneko.
Pankhani ya malonda a ntchito, RCEP ikuwonetsa njira yotsegulira pang'onopang'ono.Njira yolakwika ya mndandanda imatengedwa ku Japan, Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore ndi Brunei, pamene mamembala asanu ndi atatu otsalawo, kuphatikizapo China, atengera ndondomeko yabwino ya mndandanda ndipo akudzipereka kuti asinthe mndandanda wolakwika mkati mwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.Kuphatikiza apo, RCEP imaphatikizanso ndalama ndi matelefoni monga madera opititsa patsogolo ufulu, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kuwonekera komanso kusasinthika kwa malamulo pakati pa mamembala ndikupangitsa kuti mabungwe apitirire patsogolo pakuphatikizana kwachuma m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific.
China ikuyenera kuchita nawo gawo lotseguka lachigawo.Iyi ndi FTA yoyamba yachigawo yomwe umembala wake ukuphatikiza China ndipo, chifukwa cha RCEP, malonda ndi ma FTA akuyembekezeka kukwera kuchokera pa 27 peresenti kufika pa 35 peresenti.China ndi m'modzi mwa omwe apindule kwambiri ndi RCEP, koma zopereka zake zidzakhalanso zofunika.RCEP ithandiza China kumasula kuthekera kwake kwa msika waukulu, ndipo zotsatira zakukula kwachuma kwake zidzakwaniritsidwa.
Ponena za kufunikira kwapadziko lonse lapansi, China pang'onopang'ono ikukhala imodzi mwamalo atatu.M'masiku oyambilira, ndi US ndi Germany okha omwe adatenga udindowu, koma ndikukula kwa msika wonse waku China, idadzikhazikitsa yokha pakatikati pamakampani aku Asia komanso zinthu padziko lonse lapansi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yayesetsa kukonzanso chitukuko chake chachuma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ikulitsa zogulitsa zake kunja ikulitsanso zogulitsa zake kunja.China ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri lazamalonda komanso gwero lazinthu zakunja kwa ASEAN, Japan, South Korea, Australia ndi New Zealand.Mu 2020, katundu waku China kuchokera kwa mamembala a RCEP adafika $777.9 biliyoni, kupitilira zomwe dzikolo lidatumiza kwa iwo $700.7 biliyoni, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi azinthu zonse zaku China mkati mwa chaka.Ziwerengero za kasitomu zikuwonetsa kuti m'miyezi 11 yoyambirira ya chaka chino, katundu waku China ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mamembala ena 14 a RCEP adakwera ma yuan 10.96 thililiyoni, zomwe zikuyimira 31 peresenti ya mtengo wake wonse wamalonda wakunja munthawi yomweyi.
M'chaka choyamba pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa RCEP, chiwerengero cha mitengo yamtengo wapatali ku China cha 9.8 peresenti chidzachepetsedwa, motero, ku mayiko a ASEAN (3.2 peresenti), South Korea (6.2 peresenti), Japan (7.2 peresenti), Australia (3.3 peresenti). ) ndi New Zealand (3.3 peresenti).
Zina mwa izo, mgwirizano wapakati pa mayiko awiriwa ndi Japan ndiwopambana kwambiri.Kwa nthawi yoyamba, China ndi Japan afika pa mgwirizano wa mayiko awiri a tariff concession pomwe mbali zonse ziwiri zimachepetsa kwambiri mitengo yamitengo m'magawo angapo, kuphatikiza makina ndi zida, zidziwitso zamagetsi, mankhwala, mafakitale opepuka ndi nsalu.Pakadali pano, ndi 8 peresenti yokha yazinthu zamafakitale zaku Japan zomwe zimatumizidwa ku China zomwe zikuyenera kulandira ziro.Pansi pa mgwirizano wa RCEP, China idzachotsa pafupifupi 86 peresenti ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi mafakitale ku Japan pamitengo yochokera kunja m'magawo, makamaka okhudza mankhwala, zinthu zamagetsi, zinthu zachitsulo, zida za injini ndi zida zamagalimoto.
Nthawi zambiri, RCEP yakweza mipiringidzo kuposa ma FTA am'mbuyomu m'chigawo cha Asia, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutseguka pansi pa RCEP ndikwambiri kuposa 10 + 1 FTAs.Kuonjezera apo, RCEP ithandiza kulimbikitsa malamulo osasinthika pamsika wophatikizika, osati mwa njira yochepetsera mwayi wamsika komanso kutsitsa zotchinga zosagwirizana ndi msonkho komanso potsata njira zonse za kasitomu ndi kuwongolera malonda, zomwe zimapitilira kuposa zomwe WTO's. Mgwirizano Wowongolera Malonda.
Komabe, RCEP ikufunikabe kudziwa momwe ingakwezere miyezo yake motsutsana ndi m'badwo wotsatira wa malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.Poyerekeza ndi CPTPP ndi ndondomeko yomwe ilipo ya malamulo atsopano a malonda padziko lonse lapansi, RCEP ikuganiza kuti ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa kuchepetsa msonkho ndi zopanda malire, m'malo mwa zinthu zomwe zikungoyamba kumene monga chitetezo cha nzeru.Choncho, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wa zachuma m'madera kuti ukhale wapamwamba, RCEP ikuyenera kukhala ndi zokambirana zowonjezereka pazochitika zomwe zikubwera monga kugula katundu wa boma, chitetezo chaluntha, kusalowerera ndale ndi mpikisano ndi malonda a e-commerce.
Wolembayo ndi Senior Fellow ku China Center for International Economic Exchanges.
Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba pa chinausfocus pa Jan 24, 2022.
Malingaliro samangowonetsa akampani yathu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-04-2022